- Deism
What it was. Deism was the position of much of the Enlightenment: Thomas Paine's The Age of Reason, Voltaire, Jefferson, who cut the miracles out of his New Testament with a razor. The deists accepted the argument from design, because befo…
- God
Owens Tryptic of Ignorance
- Argument from Contingency
The argument, like its relatives, trades on the Appeal to Ignorance: we cannot say why there is something rather than nothing, therefore God. I do not know why the universe exists, and I see no reason to think that the question has an answ…
- Argument from Existential Dependence
I do not know what, if anything, is fundamental. I see no reason to believe the fundamental thing is continuously propping up the non-fundamental things, and no reason to call it God if it were (Owens Tryptic of Ignorance).
- Argument from Scientific Discoverability
Evolution predicts the pattern exactly. Our intuitions are reliable about medium-sized objects moving at medium speeds, and fail for the very small, the very fast, the very large, and the probabilistic, which is where evolution had no need…
- Argument from the Principle of Sufficient Reason
I do not know why there is something rather than nothing. I see no reason to think the question has an answer of the kind the argument wants, and I decline to let my incomprehension be used as evidence (Owens Tryptic of Ignorance, Appeal t…
- Evolutionary Argument Against Naturalism
Reliability is not all or nothing, and the pattern of our unreliability is what evolution predicts. Our faculties are good at medium-sized objects, faces, and social threat, and bad at probability, large numbers, the very small, and anythi…
- Fine-Tuning Argument
This is, I think, the most interesting of the design arguments, and the one where "we do not know" is the honest answer on all sides. I decline to let that ignorance be entered as evidence (Owens Tryptic of Ignorance).
- First Cause Argument
Quantum events (vacuum fluctuations, radioactive decay) challenge the universality of causation as the argument understands it. 2. Rejection of premise 1, as it is contradicted by the conclusion. If everything needs a cause, the first caus…
- Kalam Cosmological Argument
Infinite regress is not necessarily impossible. Craig argues that an actual infinite cannot exist, but mathematics handles actual infinities without contradiction, and the "absurdities" he cites (Hilbert's Hotel) are counter-intuitive, not…
- Religious Apologetics
Owens Tryptic of Ignorance
- Substrate Independence
On uploading: a copy is a copy. The copy would be conscious and would sincerely believe itself to be me, and so would I. What matters to me is the continuity of the running process, not the preservation of the pattern, which is why I would…
- Infinite regress
The First Cause Argument, Prime Mover Argument, and Kalam Cosmological Argument all rest on the premise that an infinite regress of causes is impossible. I do not think this is shown. There is no logical contradiction in an infinite past,…
- Personal Incredulity
The limit of my imagination is a fact about me, not about the world. This is the point of Owens Tryptic of Ignorance: I cannot understand an infinite past, a finite one, or any third option, and that incomprehension is evidence of nothing.
- Hilbert's Hotel
It shows no such thing. The hotel is counter-intuitive, not contradictory. Mathematics handles infinite sets without inconsistency (Georg Cantor's work on transfinite numbers predates Hilbert's hotel by forty years), and the "absurdities"…
- World View
Incomprehension is not evidence. That I cannot understand an infinite past, or how matter gives rise to experience, tells you about me, not about the world (Owens Tryptic of Ignorance).