- Israel Palestine
…means that fundamental human rights cannot depend upon nationality, ethnicity, religion or political allegiance. Sources: · . 2. Hamas's attacks against civilians were…
- Biblical Literalism and Inerrancy
…ds, and from 1961's The Genesis Flood , which launched . It is not the old-time religion; it is a recent one. The cafeteria is compulsory. No believer stones their chil…
- Deism
…et and sex is the with a steeple on it. I regard deism with some respect as the religion of people who had read Newton but not yet Darwin. It was the furthest an honest…
- God
…n with one another and with observation. The ( ; , Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion , 1779) remains unanswered: an omnipotent and omnibenevolent being would neithe…
- Hell
…he early church (for example Origen). That the doctrine is contested within the religion itself undermines the claim that it is clearly revealed. Also see ( is an appea…
- Meditation and Mindfulness
…be lifted out cleanly, and have been, in the same way that the social goods of religion can be provided without the doctrine ( ). The Buddhist who objects that this is…
- Miracles
…aught a single miracle, though it has caught a great many birthday cakes. Every religion has them, and they cancel. The materialisations of Sathya Sai Baba were filmed…
- New Age Beliefs
…ki, chakras, the law of attraction, manifesting, quantum mysticism, detoxes) is religion with the institution removed and the invoice retained. None of it works beyond…
- Prayer
…Fortnightly Review 12 (1872) Asser, S. M. and Swan, R., "Child Fatalities From Religion-motivated Medical Neglect", Pediatrics 101 (1998) Also see , where this is list…
- Argument from Abstract Objects
…st in human affairs, and the step from "a locus of abstracta" to the God of any religion is taken by assertion. My own view is that logical and mathematical truths are…
- Argument from Divine Simplicity
…g in particular. It is a long way from the one who argued with Abraham, and the religion built on it needs a second, very different god for the Bible ( ). Notes I note…
- Argument from Existential Dependence
…(2006), ch. 3, on cosmological arguments Hume, D., Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion (1779), Part IX Also see
- Argument from Martyrdom
…onestown, Muslims who deny the Resurrection, and , shot in a jail in 1844 for a religion the Christian apologist regards as false. The reply, "but they did not see it,…
- Argument from Miracles
…an the fact which it endeavours to establish." Miracle claims are made by every religion, including mutually exclusive ones. If the argument worked, it would prove Hind…
- Argument from Prophetic Character
…, which is evidence of military and political ability and of nothing else. Each religion refutes the other's version. The Christian runs this argument for Jesus and rej…
- Argument from Psychophysical Harmony
…hophysical Harmony: A New Argument for Theism", Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Religion 11 (2024; preprint 2022) Chalmers, D., The Conscious Mind (1996), for the duali…
- Argument from Reason
…ations of Belief (1895) Beversluis, J., C. S. Lewis and the Search for Rational Religion (2nd ed., 2007) Carrier, R., "Critical Review of Victor Reppert's Defense of th…
- Argument from Religious Transformation
…the real action of God in the person. Therefore God acts in the world, and the religion through which he acts is true. "By their fruits ye shall know them" (Matthew 7:…
- Argument from Scientific Discoverability
…e Design Argument", in Mann, W. (ed.), The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Religion (2004), on observation selection effects Also see
- Argument from the Principle of Sufficient Reason
…l Argument", Religious Studies 35 (1999) Hume, D., Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion (1779), Part IX Also see
- Argument from Universal Religious Belief
…he common cause of religious belief is the same brain. The cognitive science of religion explains the pattern in detail. Humans over-detect agency ( ); children attribu…
- Fitrah Argument
…m is the default of the human mind, which testifies to Allah, and Islam, as the religion of the fitrah , is true. It is the Islamic counterpart of the . My Positions Th…
- Lewis's Trilemma
…Jesus Became God (2014) Beversluis, J., C. S. Lewis and the Search for Rational Religion (2nd ed., 2007), ch. 5 Hick, J. (ed.), The Myth of God Incarnate (1977) Also se…
- Origin of Life Argument
…ns, a previous universe, and all satisfy the argument as well as the God of any religion. I do not know how life began. There are several live hypotheses (an RNA world,…
- Reformed Epistemology Argument
…, A., Warranted Christian Belief (2000) Calvin, J., Institutes of the Christian Religion (1559), I.3 Grigg, R., "The Crucial Disanalogies Between Properly Basic Belief…
- Religious Apologetics
Overview Apologetics is the practice of defending a religion by argument. The notes in this folder set out the standard arguments in their u…
- Teleological Argument - Argument from Design
…ument cannot distinguish between these. Also see , Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion (1779), which anticipated most of these objections before Paley wrote , the cos…
- Religious Experience
My Positions Religious experiences happen, to people of every religion and of none. They are states of the brain, and what they tell us about is the b…
- Spirituality
…e. A universe designed for us is smaller than one that was not. Spirituality is religion's successor product. It keeps the consolation, the sense of meaning and the com…
- Theodicy
…o Evidential Arguments from Suffering", International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 16 (1984) Hume, D., Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion (1779), Parts X–XI Vo…
- Astrology and Tarot
…logy also supplies identity ("as a Scorpio I…"), which is the same service that religion provides, in a smaller packet, and the 2020s app revival sells exactly that. Th…
- Chiropractic
…the spirit of a dead physician at a séance and considered establishing it as a religion, and his son turned it into a business with a school, a radio station and a lin…
- Creationism and Intelligent Design
…ch programme, no predictions and no designs, and a federal court found it to be religion after six weeks of evidence. The disagreement with creationists is not about bi…
- Blasphemy
…r be a ground for restricting speech. The right to criticise, mock and reject a religion is the same right as the right to practise it. A state that protects one agains…
- Colourblind social policy
…enefit individuals. I would expand this principle to include gender, sexuality, religion, and other protected characteristics. The state should see individuals, not cat…
- UK Monarchy
…moreover, incompatible with : the job is closed to everyone except one family. Religion. The monarch is Supreme Governor of the Church of England and must, by law, be…
- How to Have Impossible Conversations
…tical guide to talking with people who hold beliefs you find unreasonable, from religion to politics, arranged as a ladder of skill levels from "fundamentals" to "maste…
- The God Delusion
…oes not exist, that belief in him is a delusion in the ordinary sense, and that religion does more harm than good. He treats the existence of God as a scientific hypoth…
- The Portable Atheist
…satire, and some are simply people describing what it is like to see through a religion they were raised in. Notes Useful mainly as a corrective to the idea that was i…
- What If 2
…e. The reason both books are on a list that is otherwise about epistemology and religion is that they are the most entertaining demonstration I know of how a sceptic ou…
- Why I Am Not a Christian
…f Christ as presented in the Gospels, to the doctrine of , and to his view that religion is founded primarily on fear. The other essays cover sexual ethics, free though…
- Existentialism
…u expected something else. Existentialism is the honest form of the response to religion's departure. The dishonest form is to keep the god-shaped hole and fill it with…
- Happiness
…and false: the least religious countries are reliably among the happiest. What religion does provide is community and routine, which are the actual ingredients, and wh…
- Hyperactive Agency Detection
…w Hyperactive agency detection is the hypothesis, from the cognitive science of religion, that human beings are tuned to detect agents (minds with intentions) in their…
- Pascal's Wager
…prudential faith. The costs of belief are not nothing. A life spent on a false religion has real costs in time, money, freedom, and in the actions the religion command…
- Problem of evil
…call him God?" - attributed to , as reported by in Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion (1779), Part X Overview The problem of evil is the difficulty of reconciling th…
- Street Epistemology
…013) and popularised online by and others. It has since been applied far beyond religion, to political, conspiratorial, and everyday beliefs, and to the practitioner's…
- Does God Exist William Lane Craig vs Christopher Hitchens - Full Debate HD
…the , the and the . declined to engage them one by one and instead argued that religion is man-made, that its moral record is appalling, and that none of Craig's argum…
- The God Debate - Hitchens vs. D'Souza
…claim that atheist regimes killed more people than religious ones. argued that religion is a human invention whose claims are unevidenced and whose moral record disqua…
- Jordan Peterson vs 20 Atheists -Surrounded - Jubilee
…are struggling with issues that arise from abuse conducted under the banner of religion. This is a . It is also possible that these example, when encountered, are more…
- A. C. Grayling
…thics, secularism and the history of ideas, and argues in The God Argument that religion deserves no special standing in public life. Wikipedia: Also see
- Albert Camus
…ffers none is "the absurd", and that the honest response is neither suicide nor religion but revolt: to live fully in the knowledge that nothing is guaranteed. He rejec…
- Andrew McCoy
…is the American atheist YouTuber behind , a channel of calm, scripted videos on religion, apologetics, cults and the psychology of belief, drawing on his own evangelica…
- Benjamin Franklin
…veillance, but it has earned its wider use. A deist who found most of organised religion unnecessary. Wikipedia: Also see
- Christopher Hitchens
…one of the "Four Horsemen" of New Atheism. God Is Not Great is the case against religion as a moral institution; his debates with , and the Catholic Church are the best…
- Dustin Crummett
…in print 2024), the most discussed new argument for God in recent philosophy of religion. He appears here as co-author of the , which I rate the most interesting additi…
- J. L. Schellenberg
Notes John L. Schellenberg (born 1959), Canadian philosopher of religion at Mount Saint Vincent University. Divine Hiddenness and Human Reason (1993) se…
- Jerry Coyne
…of the evidence for for a general reader; Faith Versus Fact (2015) argues that religion and science are incompatible ways of knowing. Also the author of the blog of th…
- John Calvin
…Calvin (1509–1564) was the French theologian whose Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536; final edition 1559) systematised Reformed Protestantism and who governed…
- John Hick
Notes John Hick (1922–2012), British philosopher of religion, author of Evil and the God of Love (1966), which revived the Irenaean "soul-ma…
- Joseph Smith
…ng a critical newspaper destroyed. He is the best-documented founder of a major religion, which is why he appears here. Wikipedia: Also see
- Kenneth Miller
…s the answer to the , and as evidence that the fight is not between science and religion. Wikipedia: Also see
- Mark Twain
…el Clemens, 1835–1910), American author of Huckleberry Finn and a sceptic about religion whose sharpest essays were published only after his death. Also, like , the att…
- Reza Aslan
Notes Reza Aslan (born 1972), Iranian-American writer on religion, author of Zealot on the historical Jesus. A liberal believer who argues that r…
- Richard Swinburne
Notes Richard Swinburne (born 1934) is a British philosopher of religion, formerly Nolloth Professor at Oxford, and the most influential academic defend…
- Sigmund Freud
…at much of the mind is hidden from itself has. The Future of an Illusion treats religion as wish-fulfilment, which is at least a hypothesis. Wikipedia: Also see
- William Rowe
Notes William L. Rowe (1931–2015), American philosopher of religion at Purdue. His 1979 paper "The Problem of Evil and Some Varieties of Atheism" s…
- Out group Homogeneity
…nd George Quattrone, and it appears across every kind of grouping: nationality, religion, politics, profession, sports allegiance and university year. Notes It is partl…
- Appeal to Consequences
…hether it is true. is the appeal to consequences formalised, and the claim that religion is a is a soft version of it: useful, therefore to be kept, whether or not true…
- Alex O'Connor (YouTube)
…s and has grown into one of the main places on the platform where philosophy of religion is done seriously. It now consists mostly of long interviews and debates with t…
- Coffeezilla
…ir savings, and the patterns are the same ones found in pseudoscience ( , ) and religion. Also see
- Genetically Modified Skeptic
…s. The tone is unusually measured for the genre, and he is as interested in why religion works for people as in why its claims fail. Notes He sits on my "might be based…
- Recomended YouTube Channels
…ing a verdict. For the books, see Recomended Books . Recommended Philosophy and religion - philosophy of religion done seriously; the channel to send a believer to. - M…
- Sam Harris (YouTube)
…ngside Dawkins, Hitchens, and Dennett, and his subjects on the channel run from religion and free will to artificial intelligence, consciousness, and the ethics of beli…