Alan Turing
Notes
Alan Turing (1912–1954), British mathematician and founder of theoretical computer science. His 1936 paper defined the universal machine on which the idea of computation rests, and his 1950 paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" asked whether machines can think, replaced the question with the imitation game now called the Turing test, and answered the standard objections in advance. Appears here because the claim that consciousness is substrate independent is, at bottom, the claim that what a brain does is in Turing's sense computable.
Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Turing