- Heaven
The view from the balcony. Thomas Aquinas held that the blessed will be able to see the sufferings of the damned, "in order that their bliss may be more delightful to them" (Summa Theologica, Supplement, Q94). This is the logical consequen…
- Argument from Contingency
This is the third of Thomas Aquinas's Five Ways (Summa Theologica, I, q.2, a.3), the argument from possibility and necessity, in the form later given to it by Leibniz. Premise 1 is Leibniz's Principle of Sufficient Reason. The modern apolo…
- Argument from Degrees of Perfection
The fourth of Thomas Aquinas's Five Ways (Summa Theologica, I, q.2, a.3):
- Argument from Divine Simplicity
The classical theist argument, from Thomas Aquinas (Summa Theologica, I, q.3) and in its modern form from Edward Feser:
- Argument from Existential Dependence
Thomas Aquinas (Summa Theologica, I, q.104, a.1) and, in its modern form, Edward Feser's "Aristotelian proof" (Five Proofs, 2017):
- First Cause Argument
This is the second of Thomas Aquinas's Five Ways (Summa Theologica, I, q.2, a.3), the argument from efficient causation.
- Prime Mover Argument
This is the first of Thomas Aquinas's Five Ways (Summa Theologica, I, q.2, a.3), derived from Aristotle's Physics (Book VIII) and Metaphysics (Book XII). It is a close relative of the First Cause Argument, framed in terms of change rather…
- Religious Apologetics
William Lane Craig, Frank Turek, John Lennox, Dinesh D'Souza, Thomas Aquinas, Alvin Plantinga, Richard Swinburne, Edward Feser
- Aristotle
He appears here in three ways. His unmoved mover is the ancestor of every cosmological argument, including the Kalam Cosmological Argument and the First Cause Argument, and Thomas Aquinas built the Five Ways on him. His virtue ethics, in w…
- Edward Feser
Thomas Aquinas
